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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 37(4): 303-316, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388157

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es un trastorno respiratorio común asociado con múltiples consecuencias adversas para la salud y su prevalencia ha aumentado en paralelo con el aumento de la obesidad en la población. MÉTODOS: revisión sistemática que examina los estudios de prevalencia de SAHOS en la población general. Se incluyeron los estudios transversales y los componentes transversales de los estudios longitudinales que midieron objetivamente la prevalencia de SAHOS en adultos empleando instrumentos de laboratorio. Se evaluaron cuarenta estudios poblacionales de las 8.876 publicaciones encontradas en la búsqueda sistemática realizada en PubMed y otras bases de datos. RESULTADOS: Se ha observado importantes diferencias metodológicas en los estudios poblacionales, lo cual ha determinado una amplia variación en la prevalencia de SAHOS reportada, con un valor promedio de 36,9% (IC95% 28,3-45,4%) en hombres y 24,0% (IC 95% 16,3-31,6%) en mujeres. Se ha reportado un aumento en la prevalencia de SAHOS en el curso del tiempo desde 1987 hasta el 2020. Esta condición es más prevalente en varones, aumenta progresivamente con la edad y se asocia a la obesidad. La somnolencia diurna excesiva se ha asociado al diagnóstico de SAHOS, pero sólo una fracción de los sujetos con índice de apnea-hipopnea ≥ 5 eventos/hora presentan somnolencia diurna. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de SAHOS ha aumentado en los estudios poblacionales realizados en el curso del tiempo. La variabilidad reportada en la prevalencia de SAHOS probablemente esté relacionada con los diferentes equipos y definiciones operacionales empleados en el proceso diagnóstico, y las características de los sujetos examinados, incluyendo el importante aumento de la obesidad en la población.


Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder associated with multiple adverse health consequences and its prevalence is increasing in parallel with global rising in obesity. METHODS: We have developed a systematic review to examine obstructive sleep apnea syndrome prevalence studies in adults in the general population. We included the cross-sectional studies and the cross-sectional components of longitudinal studies that objectively measured OSAS in adults using laboratory instruments. Forty studies out of 8,876 articles found by systematically searching in PubMed and other databases were included in this review. RESULTS: Substantial methodological heterogeneity in population prevalence studies has been observed, determining a wide variation in OSAS prevalence defined at an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events/hour, the average OSAS prevalence was 36.9% (CI95% 28.3-45.4%) in men and 24.0% (CI95% 16.3-31.6%) in women. The OSAS prevalence has increased over the time. OSAS is more prevalent in men than in women and increases with age and obesity. Excessive daytime sleepiness has been suggested as the most important symptom associated to OSAS, but only a fraction of subjects with AHI ≥ 5 events/hour report daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of OSAS has increased in epidemiological studies over time. The differences in reported prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea are probably due to different diagnostic equipment, operational definitions, study design and characteristics of included subjects, including effects of the obesity epidemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Overweight , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Hypertension , Obesity
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(6): 928-933, jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389529

ABSTRACT

Recognizing the role of technology in the development of medicine and the impact of telecommunication advances, we reflect on the meaning and ethics of the use of Telemedicine, both in its general dimension for the use and distribution of knowledge, as well as in the delivery of health actions, scientific research, and data management. Teleconsultation is discussed in greater detail, analyzing its process and application, reviewing its possible advantages and disadvantages, from the point of view of providers and patients. We highlight the need to carry out an appropriate evaluation of each instance, from the point of view of both the patient and the professional who uses it. The importance of maintaining a doctor-patient relationship in agreement with the nature and practice of Medicine, respecting people's dignity, is emphasized. We mention the ethical conditions that must be bore in mind for the proper use of telemedicine. We discuss the eventual influence that this practice will have on the concept and practice of medical care, while suggesting the need to legislate on the matter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physician-Patient Relations , Telemedicine , Morals
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(5): e10743, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180738

ABSTRACT

Amphiphilic copolymers have a wide variety of medical and biotechnological applications, including DNA transfection in eukaryotic cells. Still, no polymer-primed transfection of prokaryotic cells has been described. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymer synthesis technique and the reversible deactivation radical polymerization variants allow the design of polymers with well-controlled molar mass, morphology, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratios. RAFT was used to synthesize two amphiphilic copolymers containing different ratios of the amphiphilic poly[2-(dimethyl-amino) ethyl methacrylate] and the hydrophobic poly [methyl methacrylate]. These copolymers bound to pUC-19 DNA and successfully transfected non-competent Escherichia coli DH5α, with transformation efficiency in the range of 103 colony-forming units per µg of plasmid DNA. These results demonstrate prokaryote transformation using polymers with controlled amphiphilic/hydrophobic ratios.


Subject(s)
Polymers , DNA/genetics , Bacteria , Transfection , Cations
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(2): 252-257, feb. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115783

ABSTRACT

Conscientious Objection arises as a response to a regulation that is judged as immoral. Faced with a law that is considered unfair, the citizen can respond accepting it against his will, exercising conscientious objection on a personal level or, collectively reaching civil disobedience or revolutionary violence. This is an old discussion known since ancient Greece. The current enactment of laws that allow actions previously judged as crime, and that contravene medical tradition, reactivated the discussion about such objection. Some people, such as Savolescu, who denies the legitimacy of conscientious objection invoked by doctors, arguing that it is inefficient, leads to inequality and is inconsistent. He proposes that the values of these professionals can be tolerated privately but should not be determinant in the public sphere. These arguments are critically examined, mentioning pertinent answers from theoretical and practical points of view. We highlight that ethics should not differ in public and private spheres and the principles should be the same, but exercised in different fields. It is concluded that conscientious objection is acquiring legitimacy and that it is necessary to reflect on the underlying reasons that lead to invoke it. It should be considered a civilized resource against determinations of power that are considered to be an attempt against personal values and moral integrity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Physicians , Conscience , Refusal to Treat , Dissent and Disputes
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(9): e8935, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019568

ABSTRACT

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Publishing/trends , Research , Biochemistry , Molecular Biology , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Periodicals as Topic/trends , Brazil
6.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 29(4): 14-19, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003292

ABSTRACT

En nuestro país existen pocos datos acerca de los patrones de tratamiento y la sobrevida de las Drogas Modificadoras de la Artritis Reumatoidea biológicas (DMARb) en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoidea (AR). El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue estimar la sobrevida del 1° y 2° agente biológico, determinar sus causas de suspensión y evaluar factores que influyan en la sobrevida de estos agentes. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥18 años de edad que cumplieran con criterios ACR/EULAR 2010 para AR y que iniciaron su 1° y/o 2° DMARb entre 01/2006 y 06/2017, la recolección de datos se realizó mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. Se consignaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 347 pacientes con edad mediana de 57,8 años, 89,6% mujeres, 96,5% tenían Factor Reumatoideo (FR) positivo. El 53,9% de los pacientes discontinuaron el tratamiento con la 1°DMARb, treinta y ocho pacientes (41,3%) discontinuaron el 2° DMARb. La causa más frecuente de suspensión del primer biológico fue la falta de provisión, mientras que la del segundo biológico fue la ineficacia. Las supervivencias medianas fueron: para la 1° DMARb 31 meses (IC 95%: 21,8-40,1) y para 2° DMARb 11 meses (IC 95%: 4-17,9), no observamos diferencias significativas en la supervivencia entre los distintos agentes, los factores independientemente asociados a menor supervivencia del 1° DMARb fueron el tabaquismo y menor edad y del 2° DMARb fue haber discontinuado el primer agente biológico debido a evento adverso. Conclusión: Las supervivencias medianas del 1° DMARb y del 2° DMARb fueron 2,6 años y menor a 1 año, respectivamente. A diferencia de otras cohortes de países desarrollados, la causa más frecuente de suspensión del primer biológico fue la falta de provisión de la medicación por parte del pagador, mientras que la del segundo biológico fue la ineficacia.


In our country there are few data about the treatment patterns and the survival of the Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (bDMARD) in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The objective of our study was to evaluate the survival of the 1st and 2nd biological agent, determine the causes of suspension and factors that influence on the survival of these agents. Material and methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted. We included patients ≥18 years of age who met the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for RA and who started in 1st and/or 2nd bDMARD between 01/2006 and 06/2017, the data collection was done by reviewing clinical charts The sociodemographic and clinical variables were recorded. Results: We included 347 patients with a median age of 57.8 years, 89.6% women, 96.5% had positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF). 53.9% of patients discontinued treatment with 1st bDMARD, thirty-eight patients (41.3%) discontinued the 2nd bDMARD. The most frequent cause of suspension of the first biological was the lack of provision, while the second biological was inefficacy. The median survivals were: for the 1st bDMARD 31 months (95% CI: 21.8-40.1) and for the 2nd bDMARD 11 months (95% CI: 4-17.9), we did not observe significant differences in survival between the different agents. The independent factors associated with lower survival of the 1st bDMARD were smoking and lower age and the 2nd bDMARD was to have discontinued the first biological agent due to an adverse event. Conclusion: The median survivals of the 1st bDMARD and the 2nd bDMARD were 2.6 years and less than 1 year, respectively. Unlike other cohorts of developed countries the most frequent cause of suspension of the first biological was the lack of provision of the drug by the payer, while the second biological was inefficacy.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Biological Factors
7.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 29(4): 22-28, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003293

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar y comparar la eficacia y la sobrevida a largo plazo de las Drogas Modificadoras de la Enfermedad-biológicas (DME-b) en Espondiloartritis Axial (EsPax) mediante el índice LUNDEX y determinar las variables asociadas a la discontinuación de las mismas. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes con EsPax en tratamiento con DME-b. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, terapéuticas y clínicas. Se consignaron fechas de inicio del tratamiento con DME-b, tratamiento concomitante, suspensión o cambio de tratamiento, y causas de suspensión. La eficacia terapéutica se definió según BASDAI a los 6, 12 meses y luego anualmente a partir del inicio de la DME-b. Se calculó el índice LUNDEX en estos períodos. Análisis estadístico: Estadística descriptiva. Test de Student y test Chi² o test exacto de Fisher. Curvas de Kaplan-Meier y Log-Rank. Análisis de regresión proporcional de Cox. Resultados: Se estudiaron 101 pacientes con EsPax, 80,2% varones, con una edad mediana de 42 años (RIC 35-54,5) y un tiempo mediano de evolución de la enfermedad de 19,3 años (RIC 9,4-28,8). El 26,7% de los pacientes no tenían seguro de salud. Los agentes anti-TNFα utilizados como 1º DME-b en orden de frecuencia fueron: Etanercept (ETN) 44,6%, Adalimumab (ADA) 41,6%, Infliximab 7,9% y Certolizumab 5,9%. En el 32,7% de los casos, la DME-b se administró en combinación con una droga modificadora de enfermedad convencional. La sobrevida media fue de 66,2 meses (IC 95%: 51,8-80,5). Debido a que ETN y ADA se utilizaron en el 85% de los pacientes estudiados, se realizaron comparaciones solamente entre estos agentes. El tiempo medio de supervivencia acumulada fue significaticamente menor para ETN versus ADA (X 53,18±8,8 vs X 74,8±8,9, Log-Rank p=0,02), siendo la causa principal de suspensión, la falta de provisión de la medicación. El tiempo promedio de supervivencia para aquellos que no tenían seguro de salud fue significativamente menor X 31,9 meses (IC 95%: 19-45) con respecto a aquellos pacientes con dicho seguro X 72,3 meses (IC 95%: 55,3-89,3), p=0,03. Luego de ajustar por factores confundidores, la falta de un seguro de salud fue la única variable asociada en forma independiente con menor supervivencia del DME-b (HR 2,54, IC 95%: 1,18-5,75). El LUNDEX global fue del 52,7% a los 6 meses y del 46,9% a los 12 meses. Conclusiones: La sobrevida promedio del 1º DME-b fue de 5,5 años. La falta de cobertura de salud fue la única variable que influyó negativamente en la sobrevida del tratamiento con el 1º DME-b en pacientes con EsPax.


Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and long-term survival of biological disease-modifying drugs (b-DMARDs) in Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) using the LUNDEX index and to determine the variables associated with the discontinuation of these drugs. Material and methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study. Patients with axSpA in treatment with b-DMARDs were included. Sociodemographic, therapeutic and clinical variables were recorded. The dates of initiation of treatment with b-DMARDs, concomitant treatment, suspension or change of treatment, and causes of suspension were recorded. Therapeutic efficacy was defined according to BASDAI at 6, 12 months and then annually from the initiation of b-DMARDs. The LUNDEX index was calculated in these periods. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics. Student's test and Chi² test or Fisher's exact test. Curves of Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank. Proportional regression analysis of Cox. Results: 101 patients with axSpA were studied, 80.2% men, with a median age of 42 years (IQR 35-54.5) and a median disease duration of 19.3 years (IQR 9.4-28.8). 26.7% of patients didn´t have health insurance. The frequency of the anti-TNFα agent used as 1st b-DMARD was: Etanercept (ETA) 44.6%, Adalimumab (ADA) 41.6%, Infliximab 7.9%, and Certolizumab 5.9%. In 32.7% of the cases, the b-DMARD was administered in combination with a c-DMARD (conventional disease-modifying drug). The mean survival was 66.2 months (95% CI: 51.8-80.5). As ETA and ADA were used in 85% of the patients, comparisons were made only between these two agents. The mean survival time was significantly lower for ETA vs ADA (X 53.18 ±8.8 vs X 74.8±8.9, Log-Rank p=0.02), being the main cause of suspension, the lack of drug provision. The average survival time for those who didn´t have health insurance was significantly lower X 31.9 months (95% CI: 19-45) in comparison to those patients who had health insurance X 72.3 months (95% CI: 55.3-89.3), p=0.03. After adjusting for confounding factors, the lack of health insurance was the only variable independently associated with a lower survival of the b-DMARD (HR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.18 to 5.75). The global LUNDEX was 52.7% at 6 months and 46.9% at 12 months. Conclusions: The average survival of the 1st b-DMARD was 5.5 years. The lack of health insurance was the only variable that negatively influenced the survival of the treatment with the 1st b-DMARD in patients with axSpA.


Subject(s)
Biological Factors , Spondylarthritis
8.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 29(3): 18-23, set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977292

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar los patrones de tratamiento de las DME-b (Drogas Modificadoras de la Enfermedad-biológicas), su sobrevida acumulada y su eficacia a largo plazo en pacientes con Artritis Psoriásica (APs) utilizando el índice LUNDEX. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de APs que hayan iniciado tratamiento con DME-b. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se consignaron fechas de inicio de DME-b, tratamiento concomitante, suspensión o cambio de tratamiento, y razones de suspensión. La respuesta terapéutica se definió acorde a MDA (Minimal Disease Activity), a los 6, 12 meses y anualmente a partir del inicio de DME-b. Análisis estadístico: Test de Student y Chi². Curvas de Kaplan Meier y Log Rank. Análisis de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 72 pacientes con APs, 39 (54,2%) de sexo masculino. La edad mediana fue de 54,5 años (RIC 45-61) y el tiempo mediano de evolución de la enfermedad de 11 años (RIC 6-15). 71,2% (n=42) presentaron comorbilidades. El primer DME-b fue en orden decreciente de frecuencia: Adalimumab (45,8%), Etanercept (36,1%), Certolizumab (5,6%), Infliximab (4,2%), Ustekinumab (4,2%), Abatacept (2,7%) y Golimumab (1,4%). 15 pacientes (25,4%) recibieron DME-b en monoterapia. La sobrevida media fue de 82 meses (DE±7,4). El LUNDEX del primer biológico fue 24,7% a los 6 meses y 44,3% al año. La sobrevida media de Adalimumab fue de 90 meses (DE±10,4) y de Etanercept 79 meses (DE±12). Los pacientes añosos presentaron menor sobrevida de la droga [≥55 años: X59,8 (DE±10,5) vs <55 años: X101,2 (DE±9,7), p=0,006]. Luego de ajustar por diferentes confundidores, la edad ≥55 años se mantuvo significativamente a menor sobrevida [HR=1,064 (IC=1,01-1,11) p=0,005]. El LUNDEX fue menor en obesos vs no obesos (16% vs 66% al año, p=0,89; 10,5 vs 74,9% a los 2 años, p=0,011 y 5,9 vs 81,8% a los 3 años, p=0,005). Conclusiones: La sobrevida promedio del primer DME-b fue de 6,8 años. La única variable asociada a menor sobrevida fue la mayor edad.


Objectives: To evaluate the treatment patterns of DME-b (Disease-Modifying Drugs-biological), their accumulated survival and their long-term efficacy in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using the LUNDEX index. Materials and methods: Retrospective multicentre study. We included patients diagnosed with PsA who started treatment with DME-b. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. BMI-D start dates, concomitant treatment, suspension or change of treatment, and reasons for suspension were recorded. The therapeutic response was defined according to MDA (Minimal Disease Activity), at 6, 12 months and annually from the beginning of DME-b. Statistical analysis: Student test and Chi². Curves of Kaplan Meier and Log Rank. Cox regression analysis. Results: We included 72 patients with PsA, 39 (54.2%) male. The median age was 54.5 years (IQR 45-61) and the median time of evolution of the disease was 11 years (IQR 6-15). 71.2% (n=42) presented comorbidities. The first DME-b was in decreasing order of frequency: Adalimumab (45.8%), Etanercept (36.1%), Certolizumab (5.6%), Infliximab (4.2%), Ustekinumab (4.2%), Abatacept (2.7%) and Golimumab (1.4%). 15 patients (25.4%) received DME-b monotherapy. The mean survival was 82 months (SD±7.4). The LUNDEX of the first biological was 24.7% at 6 months and 44.3% per year. The mean survival of Adalimumab was 90 months (SD±10.4) and Etanercept 79 months (SD±12). Older patients had a lower survival of the drug [≥55 years: X59.8 (SD±10.5) vs <55 years: X101.2 (SD±9.7), p=0.006]. After adjusting for different confounders, age ≥55 years was significantly maintained at lower survival [HR=1.064 (CI=1.01-1.11) p=0.005]. The LUNDEX was lower in obese vs. non-obese (16% vs. 66% per year, p=0.89, 10.5 vs 74.9% at 2 years, p=0.011 and 5.9 vs 81.8% at 3 years, p=0.005). Conclusions: The average survival of the first DME-b was 6.8 years. The only variable associated with lower survival was the older age.


Subject(s)
Biological Factors , Arthritis, Psoriatic
9.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 15(2): 11-18, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-994505

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El consumo de cocaína durante la gestación gatilla isquemia, muerte y licuefacción celular en el cerebro fetal, consolidando en la infancia grados variables de retraso mental. El presente estudio busca identificar mediante test de drogas en orina los recién nacidos (RN) expuestos a cocaína en el embarazo y describir el procedimiento clínico y social a seguir. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo enero 2016 y enero 2018 en RN con exposición antenatal a cocaína, Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán. Resultados: Se estudió a 64 RN con test en orina positivo a cocaína. El 42% fue pequeño para la edad gestacional, 33% tenía microcefalia. Se encontraron malformaciones en sistema nervioso y vías urinarias, trastornos del ritmo cardíaco e hipoacusia. Solo 32,8% de las madres controló su embarazo y 52% rechazó la rehabilitación. Servicio Social interpuso medidas de protección a los RN e instó a las madres a programas de rehabilitación. El 12,5% de los RN no tenía familia de apoyo y debió ser derivado a instituciones gubernamentales. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias de la exposición a cocaína antenatal en el RN son devastadoras. Este trabajo permite orientar la pesquisa, estudio y pasos legales a seguir con los RN afectados y sus madres.


Introduction: The consumption of cocaine during pregnancy triggers events such as ischemia, death and cell liquefaction in the fetal brain, consolidating varying degrees of intellectual disability. This study proposed to identify by urine drug test the newborns (NB) with antenatal exposure to and describe the clinical and social procedure to follow with them and their mothers until neonatal discharge. Methodology: Prospective cohort study, conducted in RN who met criteria for risk of antenatal exposure to cocaine, Neonatology Unit of the San Borja Arriaran Clinical Hospital between January 2016 -2018. Results: Antenatal exposure to cocaine was confirmed on 64 NB. Forty-two percent of them were small for gestational age and 33% had microcephaly. Malformations were found in the nervous system urinary tract, as well as disorders in the rhythm of the heart and loss of hearing. Only 32% of mothers controlled her pregnancy, none of them was derived to the secondary. Social Services implemented all the NB protective measures in place and urged mothers to participate in rehabilitation programs. Fifty-two percent rejected rehabilitation and 12.5% of the NB have not family support and had to be referred to government institutions. Conclusions: The consequences of exposure to antenatal cocaine in the NB are devastating. This work allows orienting the research with the NB and showing the legal steps should be taken with the RN and their mothers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Cocaine/adverse effects , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/diagnosis , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/therapy , Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Prospective Studies , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Microcephaly/chemically induced
10.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 10(1): 49-53, abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-782621

ABSTRACT

La osteomielitis se define como una inflamación progresiva del hueso, que se produce con mayor frecuencia en los huesos largos del cuerpo. Su etiología se relaciona con factores locales y/o sistémicos los que incluyen la anemia. La osteomielitis resultante de la anemia de células falciformes genera que la sangre sea más viscosa produciendo un bajo flujo sanguíneo conduciendo a infarto isquémico y necrosis del hueso, rara vez causado en los huesos faciales. Paciente ingresado a urgencia por un aumento de volumen en la región preauricular izquierda de un mes de evolución, blando, fluctuante, límites mal definidos, de 5x4 cm de diámetro, afebril, sin cambios de coloración. Presentaba trismus y dolor a la palpación. Hace cinco meses había sido tratado por una osteomielitis frontoparietal izquierda con absceso subgaleal. Antecedentes mórbidos del paciente: alcohólico crónico y anemia en tratamiento. El paciente fue hospitalizado con tratamiento de Clocaxiclina endovenoso, coleccionándose en la región preauricular. Se realizó la biopsia dando como resultado osteomielitis de cóndilo mandibular. La osteomielitis presentada en el cóndilo mandibular pudo ser recidiva de la osteomielitis anterior o haber sido causada por la anemia. Sin embargo, la osteomielitis frontoparietal se presentó sin causa aparente, pudiendo relacionarla con la anemia que cursaba.


Osteomyelitis is defined as a progressive inflammation of the bone, which occurs most frequently in the long bones of the body. Its etiology is related to local and / or systemic factors that include anemia. Osteomyelitis resulting from sickle cell anemia results in the blood being more viscous producing a low blood flow leading to ischemic attack and bone necrosis. Patient presented with increased volume in the left preauricular region following one month of evolution, soft, fluctuating, ill-defined limits, 5x4 cm in diameter, afebrile, without discoloration. He had trismus, tenderness and had been admitted to the emergency room five months earlier, for osteomyelitis with subgaleal abscess. Patient`s background included anemia and treatment for chronic alcoholism. The patient was hospitalized with intravenous treatment of cloxacilline, resulting in increased preauricular volume with defined limits. Results following a biopsy showed condyle osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis presented in the condyle may be the recurrence of osteomyelitis or may have been caused by the anemia. However, frontoparietal osteomyelitis has no apparent cause and could be associated with anemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Anemia/complications , Mandibular Condyle , Osteomyelitis/surgery , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 27(3): 32-38, 2016. grafs
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-911382

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento de la Artritis Psoriásica (APs) se basa en suprimir los signos y síntomas en todos los componentes de la enfermedad (articular, piel, entesis, compromiso axial). Dentro de las opciones terapéuticas contamos con los antinflamatorios no esteroideos (AI-NEs), corticoides, drogas modificadoras de la enfermedad (DMARs) entre ellas el metotrexato y leflunomida, y los anti-TNF. Estas últimas han demostrado actualmente amplia eficacia a largo plazo y buen perfil de seguridad. Fueron el único mecanismo de acción para el tratamiento de la APs; sin embargo en el último año fue aprobado en varios países, ustekinumab, un inhibidor de la subunidad p40 de la IL12 y 23. Esta revisión presenta una serie de 6 casos clínicos donde hemos utilizado esta opción terapéutica en diferentes escenarios


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Psoriatic , Therapeutics , Ustekinumab
12.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 3(2): 839-842, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-790612

ABSTRACT

El sialocele es una colección de saliva en los tejidos que rodean al conducto de la glándula o del parénquima sin un drenaje adecuado. Su causa más común es la extravasación de saliva producto a una disrupción del parénquima o conducto parotídeo secundario a un trauma cortante. Si el tratamiento del sialocele no se realiza en forma oportuna se puede generar una fístula externa, cicatrices faciales e infecciones secundarias. Un hombre de 24 años ingresado al Hospital con múltiples fracturas faciales sin trauma cortante. Luego de la disminución del edema, continuó el aumento de volumen en la región geniana en forma localizada, fluctuante, ovalada. La piel se encontraba distendida, asintomática, sin secreciones, con alteración de la función motora y sensorial en la región geniana derecha. Se realizó la aspiración del contenido del aumento de volumen. Después de 2 días recidivó. Se solicitó una Tomografía computarizada y se volvió a realizar aspiración del contenido para enviarlo a cultivo citológico. Se hizo el diagnóstico de sialocele post-trauma de la parótida y se realizó un vaciamiento del contenido y drenaje tipo penrose intraoral. Se controló al siguiente día sin recidivas y se retiró el drenaje a los 2 meses. Es importante tener en cuenta que se puede generar un sialocele post-trauma sin necesariamente ser cortante.


Sialocele is a collection of saliva in the tissues surrounding the duct of the gland or parenchyma without proper drainage. The most common cause is the extravasation of saliva product to a disruption of the parenchyma or parotid duct secondary to a cutting trauma. If sialocele treatment is not performed in a timely manner it can generate an external fistula, facial scars and secondary infections. Male admitted to hospital with multiple facial fractures. After the reduction of edema, continued increased volume in the preauricular region localized, fluctuating, oval. The skin was asymptomatic, without secretions, with impairment of motor and sensory function in the right genial region. The aspiration of the increase in volume under a hypothesized hematoma was performed. After 2 days recurred. A tomography scan was requested and returned to realize the aspiration of which was sent to cytological exam. The diagnosis was post-trauma sialocele parotid and was performed emptying the contents and drainage type penrose intraoral. Was control the next day without relapses and the drain was removed after 2 months. It ́s important to know that can generate a post-trauma sialocele without necessarily cutting trauma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Parotid Diseases/etiology , Parotid Diseases/therapy , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Accidents, Traffic , Drainage , Salivary Gland Diseases/etiology , Salivary Gland Diseases/therapy , Parotid Gland/injuries
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(3): 358-366, mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745633

ABSTRACT

Social, technical and legal conditions of the current practice of medicine make it necessary to insist on certain actions and circumstances that may jeopardize the confidentiality of information, offered by patients to their health providers. Therefore, some effects of the current Chilean law are analyzed in this respect, regarding access to data from the clinical record of a patient. Also, the risks of putting certain data on social networking sites are analyzed, as well as some of its effects on clinical practice. The reasons because of mandatory reporting of diseases, meaning danger to public health, is allowed, are mentioned. We also discuss the difficulties involved in managing the results of preventative health screenings and its knowledge by third parties, as well as some possible violations of personal privacy, regarding dissemination of some people health information and its further mention or figuration in mass media. We conclude that it is a must for both physicians and other health team members, to safeguard confidentiality of data to which they have had access, as well as the need to know the relevant law, in order to respect human dignity of patients, each one as a person. We address the attention to the possibility that, practicing in a different way, it could endanger the reliability of clinical records, also impairing the quality of people’s health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Records , Access to Information , Access to Information/legislation & jurisprudence , Chile , Confidentiality , Disease Notification , Information Dissemination , Insurance, Health , Medical Records/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Records/standards , Patient Access to Records/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Personhood , Social Networking
14.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 26(2): 15-18, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835798

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha reconocido la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de la artritis reumatoidea y las espondiloartritis. Aún existen barreras que impiden la derivación precoz de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe un aumento significativo en el número de derivaciones al Servicio de Reumatología luego de implementar una estrategia de concientización a otros especialistas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Resultados: Durante el primer período, el servicio realizó un total de 1027 consultas, de las cuales 130 fueron derivaciones. Las consultas efectuadas luego de la implementación del plan de derivación fueron 1199 con 202 derivaciones (17% IC 95 14,7-19); la diferencia entre ambos períodos fue estadísticamente significativa (p 0,003). Conclusión: La implementación de estrategias de derivación fue valiosa, puesto que encontramos un incremento en el número de derivaciones realizadas. Consideramos que estas intervenciones deben perdurar en el tiempo para mejorar el diagnóstico precoz.


Introduction: In recent years, the importance of early diagnosisof rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis has been recognized. However, there are still barriers that obstruct the early referral ofthese patients. Objective: To evaluate whether there is a significant increase in thenumber of referrals to the department of Rheumatology after implementinga strategy of awareness to other specialists. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study. Results: During the first period, the service conducted a total of1027 consultations, of which 130 were referrals. Consultations made after the implementation of the derivation strategy were 1199 of which 202 were referrals (17% CI 95 14.7-19); the difference between the two periods was statistically significant (p 0.003). Conclusion: The implementation of this strategy was valuable, since we found an increase in the number of referrals made. Weconsider that these interventions should last over time to improveearly diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Spondylarthritis
15.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 25(1): 24-28, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724757

ABSTRACT

En artritis psoriásica (APs), los bloqueantes del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (anti-TNF) son la opción más adecuada ante la falla a drogas modificadoras. La eficacia y la seguridad de los anti-TNF están ampliamente fundamentadas en la literatura; sin embargo, en algunos casos, pueden presentarse eventos adversos o no se logra la eficacia deseada. Las alternativas terapéuticas en dichos pacientes son acotadas, la inhibición de la interleuquina 6 (IL-6) podría ser una opción. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de pacientes con APs resistentes a anti-TNF que recibieron tocilizumab, en los cuales podemos observar diferencias importantes en el perfil de eficacia de esta droga


In psoriatic arthritis, the blocking of tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) is the most suitable option when modifying antirheumatic drugsfail. The efficacy and safety of anti-TNF are largely supported by theliterature; however, in some cases, adverse events may occur or thedesired efficiency is not achieved. Therapeutic alternatives in thesepatients are bounded; inhibition of interleukin 6 could be an option.We present two cases of patients with resistant anti-TNF receivingtocilizumab, in which we can observe significant differences in theefficacy profile of the drug.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Psoriatic , Necrosis
16.
Rev. argent. reumatol ; 24(4): 30-36, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835775

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La utilización de agentes biológicos para el tratamiento de la Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) es habitualmente usada en aquellos pacientes con enfermedad activa que no hayan respondido al tratamiento con drogas modificadoras de la Artritis Reumatoidea convencionales (DMARD, por sus siglas en inglés) o que hayan presentado intolerancia a las mismas. Al estado actual de la evidencia, la terapia combinada de agentes biológicos más un DMARD convencional (principalmente metotrexato) constituye el estándar de tratamiento. Sin embargo existen algunos escenarios como la intolerancia, la falta de adherencia y la aparición de eventos adversos a las DMARDs convencionales donde la monoterapia biológica emerge como una opción terapéutica válida. Según los distintos registros a nivel internacional, la frecuencia de utilización de agentes biológicos en monoterapia oscila entre 12 a 39%. Debido a la ausencia de estos datos a nivel local decidimos realizar este estudio para conocer el porcentaje de pacientes que se encuentran en monoterapia biológica y analizar las causas que llevaron a este tipo de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo corte transversal donde se invitó a participar a diferentes centros reumatológicos distribuidos a lo largo de Argentina. Cada centro revisó las historias clínicas de los últimos 30 a 50 pacientes consecutivos vistos con AR, mayores de 18 años, que habían presentado inadecuada respuesta al tratamiento con DMARDs y que estaban bajo tratamiento biológico. Se completaba una ficha por cada paciente incluido, registrando datos demográficos, de la enfermedad y tratamientos previos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 32 centros y se evaluaron 1148 historias clínicas de pacientes con AR durante el mes de octubre y noviembre del 2012. Un 21,4% (246) de los pacientes al momento del estudio se encontraba bajo tratamiento biológico en monoterapia...


Introduction: The use of biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly used in patients with active disease who have not responded to treatment with conventional rheumatoid arthritis-modifying drugs (DMARDs) or Who have presented intolerance to them. At the present state of evidence, combined therapy of biological agents plus conventional DMARD (mainly methotrexate) is the standard of treatment. However, there are some scenarios such as intolerance, lack of adherence and the appearance of adverse events to conventional DMARDs where biological monotherapy emerges as a valid therapeutic option. According to different international registries, the frequency of use of biological agents in monotherapy ranges from 12 to 39%. Due to the absence of these data at the local level we decided to carry out this study to know the percentage of patients who are in biological monotherapy and to analyze the causes that led to this type of treatment. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study where different rheumatologic centers throughout Argentina were invited to participate. Each center reviewed the medical records of the last 30 to 50 consecutive patients seen with RA, older than 18 years, who had inadequate response to treatment with DMARDs and who were under biological treatment. One card was completed for each patient included, recording demographic, disease and previous treatment data. Results: Thirty-two centers were included and 1148 clinical records of patients with RA were evaluated during October and November 2012. A total of 244 patients (246) at the time of the study were under monotherapy...


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Biological Treatment , Argentina
17.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 50(1): 57-61, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627282

ABSTRACT

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by an acute or subacute onset of neurological symptoms and focal signs in association with multifocal demyelinating findings on neuroimaging. Spontaneous resolution has been reported within days of onset, corticosteroids therapy accelerates the resolution time. ADEM has been associated with previous infections, and its relationship with other autoinmune disease is unclear. A case of ADEM is reported, in a patient previously diagnosed with ulcerative pancolitis, whose neurological symptoms resolved after 3 days of hospital admission without evident sequelae after receiving a short empirical treatment with ampicilin, ceftriaxone, acyclovir and intravenous steroids.


La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EAD) es un trastorno desmielinizante agudo del Sistema Nervioso Central, caracterizado por la presentación aguda de síntomas y signos neurológicos en asociación con hallazgos multifocales de desmielinización en las neuroimágenes. Se describe en la literatura resolución espontánea a los pocos días de presentación, con secuelas variables. La terapia corticoesteroidal aceleraría este tiempo de resolución. Se ha relacionado con eventos infecciosos previos, y su relación con otras enfermedades autoinmunes no es clara. Se presenta un caso de EAD en paciente con diagnóstico previo de pancolitis ulcerosa cuya sintomatología neurológica se resuelve tras 3 días del ingreso hospitalario, sin secuelas evidentes, tras recibir tratamiento empírico corto con Ampicilina, Ceftriaxona, Aciclovir y corticoides endovenosos en dosis de estrés.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/complications , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Clostridioides difficile , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(4): 401-405, abr. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553209

ABSTRACT

Health research oriented to solve the most relevant sanitary problems in Chile must be encouraged. In 2001, the National Health Research Fund (FONIS) was created by the National Research Council of the Ministry of Health and the National Scientifc Research Commission, to stimulate relevant health research that contributes to develop health care policies. In 2008 an experts meeting proposed eighty research areas. These areas were grouped in twelve thematic containers. Each of these containers were classifed as having maximal, intermediate or minimal priority. The seven most important containers were grouped in three areas. Among the latter, two were selected. One is evaluation of the Ministry programs and, within this area, with the following priorities in decreasing importance: primary prevention, health care priorities, and diseases included in the Explicit Guarantees plan. The second area corresponds to diseases with high prevalence, incidence, costs or impact, including the following priorities in diminishing importance: mental health, diseases of high prevalence and problems with social impact.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Government Agencies , Health Priorities/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Chile , Primary Prevention/organization & administration , Program Evaluation
19.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 48(supl.1): 9-92, mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556191

ABSTRACT

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. It is manifested in the young adult who presents at the beginning alternation between transient neurological dysfunction and normality, followed by a progressive level of disability. MS affects the quality of life in the young adults in their full productive and creative age limiting not only in their personal lives but also affects to the whole society in terms of "dreams and life projects". Besides, this illness also influences the family group who has to assume progressively the help and care for the patient. In healthcare aspect MS implies intensive and progressive resources. In Chile, although we don't have epidemiological studies that indicate which is the MS prevalence it exist a projection that states 14 per 100.000 inhabitants. Considering a population of 16.5 million of inhabitants our expectative of patients with MS is of 2310 cases in our country. The MS immunomodulating injectable disease-modifying therapies are of high cost and were not available in a regular way in the state health care system of Chile (FONASA) that attends the 70 percent of the population; the other 30 percent has different private health insurances. In 2008 the ministry of health decided to initiate and pilot (exploratory) program which had a great meaning and impact concerning to start offering immunomodulating therapies to relapsing remitting MS, for patients belonging to FONASA system. The pilot program was thought with a double mission, on the one hand to achieve that a very limited group of MS patients belonging to FONASA system (80 cases) from all over the country had access to immunomodulating injectable disease-modifying therapies of high cost in a regular way. The second objective was to obtain clinical and epidemiological information which let us to evaluate the clinical and administrative obstacles generated by the incorporation of this treatment in the public health...


Introducción El presente documento corresponde al informe del primer año de trabajo operativo del "Programa piloto de tratamiento con inmunomoduladores, para pacientes beneficiarios de Fonasa1, que padecen esclerosis múltiple (EM)", elaborado por el equipo del centro de referencia nacional, para este programa, con sede en el Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Asistencial Barros Luco (CABL) del SSMS2. Dado su origen no incluye antecedentes del proceso de gestión ni toma de decisiones del nivel Minsal3 o Fonasa. Este trabajo, no es ni aspira ser: un ensayo clínico, una guía de práctica clínica, una revisión bibliográfica, ni una puesta al día sobre el tratamiento de la Esclerosis Múltiple (EM), es simplemente el informe anual de un centro de referencia, para una tarea específica, a la autoridad ministerial competente. El informe incluye algunos antecedentes generales y referencias presentadas como "notas al pie", sólo para contextualizar la información presentada4. La EM es una enfermedad crónica del SNC, de origen incierto, inmunológicamente mediada, bien definida en sus características inmunopatogénicas, patológicas, imagenológicas y clínicas. Se expresa en el adulto joven, quien presenta inicialmente alternancia entre disfunción neurológica transitoria y normalidad y cuya progresión determina múltiples efectos discapacitantes. La EM afecta la calidad de vida de adultos jóvenes en plena edad productiva y creativa limitando tanto los "sueños y proyectos de vida" como el desarrollo laboral, social y afectivo. Además trasciende al grupo familiar, cuando deben asumir la asistencia del paciente. En lo sanitario, la EM, genera uso intensivo y progresivo de recursos. Las terapias inmunomoduladores para la EM, que tienen la posibilidad de detener o reducir la evolución de la modalidad recurrente remitente de la EM, no se encontraban disponibles en forma regular en el sector público de salud de nuestro país, por esto el presente programa piloto...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , National Health Programs , Public Sector , Chile , Insurance, Health , Interferon-beta/therapeutic use , Patient Selection , Pilot Projects , Peptides/therapeutic use
20.
Rev. venez. cir. ortop. traumatol ; 40(1): 12-20, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-513402

ABSTRACT

Evaluar los resultados finales y estudios radiológicos como la radiografía convencional y densitometría ósea (DEXA), determinar las complicaciones, principalmente aflojamiento aséptico, infecciones, fracturas peri protésicas, desmineralización ósea de las Prótesis Totales de Cadera no Cementadas (PTCNC). Modelo del tipo serie clínica con un tamaño de la muestra de 148 caderas estudiadas. Se obtuvieron un 72,3 por ciento de resultados clínicos satisfactorios con la escala de Harris (HSS), así como un 51,4 por ciento de resultados radiológicos no satisfactorios que no guardan relación con los resultados funcionales; sólo un 2,7 por ciento de infección protésica; la Densidad Mineral Ósea (DMO) por densitometría a doble foton (DEXA) alrededor del vástago fue menor del 50 por ciento y las zonas de Gruen afectadas con más frecuencia son las IV y VII. La artroplastia total de la cadera no cementada es el tratamiento de elección primaria para los casos de artrosis severa que limita la función articular. La escala de Harris (HHS) y las zonas de Gruen medidas por DEXA, nos demostró ser eficaz para determinar los aflojamientos y tener una idea de cual puede ser la longevidad del implante protésico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Hip Prosthesis , Radiography/methods , Orthopedics , Traumatology
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